the "Headline That Caught My Attention or the WTF" thread

Whattsa matta witha de birdsa????

On the Menu at a Lunch in Italy: Protected Songbirds​

The Italian police were called to investigate a luncheon for a potential violation of coronavirus rules. They found a feast of migrating finches.

ROME — It seemed like just another violation of coronavirus social-distance restrictions when the Italian police broke up a luncheon of about 20 people last week near the northern city of Brescia.

But then they stumbled onto an illegal massacre on the menu.

The authorities caught the group in a local government building preparing a cookout of about 65 protected migratory birds, mostly finches, including two hawfinches, a shy species, and one brambling, known by its orange breast and white rump.

The forest division of the carabinieri, Italy’s national military police force, were tipped off about the illegal lunchtime gathering by a phone call and found the guests surrounding a buffet of appetizers and drinks but no main courses. The guests assured the police that everything was within regulations, with masks on and distance respected. But upon further inspection, carabinieri officers found a large pan filled with dozens of fried songbirds hidden beneath the table.

They recognized the protected species, officers said, by the shape of their bills. Some are globally threatened.

“Shameful,” Italy’s anti-hunting league said.

“Enraging,” the animal protection league said.

“A delicacy,” said Floriano Massardi, a regional official who, like many in the area, likes to eat songbirds on a skewer.

The area where the forbidden feast took place, Gardone Val Trompia, is smack in the middle of an important migration route for thrushes, greenfinches and blackbirds.

For centuries, hunters in the area have laid traps for them in the bushes and on tree branches or shot them out of the sky. Whether captured on the ground or in the air, they often met their end next to polenta or impaled on “the Brescian spit.”

But the local tradition has become largely illegal as legislators have moved to protect a growing number of species and bird families. Nevertheless, the valleys north of Brescia have remained Italy’s most dangerous kill zone for many songbirds, with hundreds of thousands hunted illegally every year.

Italy itself is an avian danger zone. Five million protected birds are shot dead there every year. That’s about a fifth of the total birds illegally killed every year along the Mediterranean coast, Northern Europe and the Caucasus, according to BirdLife International.

Animal protection associations said they hoped the raid would put new focus on the illegal activity in the country that is the most egregious songbird killer in Europe.

The punishment for those who attended the lunch will depend on what charges are brought, but the fine could be more than 2,000 euros for the guest who brought the birds.

Last week, a Brescia court held the first hearing of a local man who kept 788 dead songbirds in his freezer. They included robins, which are sold illegally for 3 to 5 euros to restaurants. They are particularly appreciated for their thin bill, which is, for some, considered edible.

In Italy, hunting any animal is permitted only with a license, and there are penalties for hunting protected species and selling them. For years, the issue has been at the center of a political clash between animal rights advocates often backed by progressive politicians — which have demanded stricter limitations — and hunters’ associations and conservative politicians, who aim to facilitate hunting.

Animal rights activists point out that songbirds are in danger throughout Europe, with 40 once-abundant migratory species disappearing.

“There is a general crisis of biodiversity,” said Annamaria Procacci, a board member of ENPA, Italy’s animal protection league, and a former Green Party senator.

“And then there are people feasting on it.”

Mr. Massardi, the official who called the protected bramblings a delicacy, is a hunter who has proposed removing protections for some songbirds, including those on Friday’s menu. He said he wanted to save tradition.

He was acting “in the name of the Brescian spit,” he said, a typical dish made of skewered slices of pork, chicken, rabbit and songbirds. The chaffinch and the brambling, he said, give the spit a distinctive tart taste that he has not savored for 10 years.

Mr. Massardi did not condone Friday’s luncheon, saying it was an offense to all the restaurant owners suffering the closures imposed by the government. But he did not see why the government should forbid what was on the table.

“I don’t understand why chicken, yes, and these birds, no,” he said. “Chickens are birds, too.”
 
And from today's Cancel Culture and Political Correctness Files. My HS Mascot was a Tiger, and in retrospect, that must have alienated folks who didn't like felines...

Falmouth’s ‘Yachtie’ mascot could get the heave-ho​

pressherald.com/2021/04/20/falmouths-yachtie-mascot-could-get-the-heave-ho/

By Chance VilesApril 20, 2021

“Yachtie” Contributed / Falmouth Schools

If some students get their way, Falmouth High School will get rid of “Yachtie,” the school’s mascot, and the “snooty” Yachtsmen team name along with him.

The town, in a survey that closed Sunday, has been seeking residents’ opinions on changing the team name. The findings of that survey, conducted on behalf of the school board, and ideas for new mascots will be shared at a future meeting.

Falmouth High School sophomore Caroline Rozan said she and other students want a mascot that better represents the school.

The high school and middle school civil rights team presented the findings of their schoolwide surveys to the school board a few months ago. Of the students responding to the survey administered in their home rooms, 60% said they actively dislike the mascot. Representing a white man and the wealthy sport of yachting, the mascot and the team name do not represent the study body, they said. And, both lack the energy befitting athletes’ fighting spirit, they said.

“Being a minority, the only one on a team, and having a white mascot does not make me feel included,” sophomore Caroline Rozan, a student athlete and civil rights team member told The Forecaster.

“I remember I was playing in Casco, and a girl said ‘you go to Falmouth? That’s a white school.‘ People give you a look,” said Rozan, who played hockey and is on the track team.

“People of different sex origins don’t feel included. The Yachtsman is a rich white man with a yacht. It makes Falmouth sound snooty,” she said.

She and other students say they’ve heard disparaging remarks about the Yachtsmen name and mascot from other schools. A student from another school told Rozan the Yachtsmen “sounds like daddy’s money,” she said.

A undated newspaper cartoon portrays a player on the Yachtsmen basketball team. Courtesy photo / Falmouth Schools

The civil rights team’s survey showed that at least 60% of respondents find no school pride in Yachtie, as evidenced by the fact that his likeness is found nowhere on campus. Students have more pride in the ship’s wheel depicted on the school crest and exhibited through campus, they said.

Working off the ship’s wheel, Rozan said one of her ideas for a name replacement name is the Navigators.

“Navigators has no connotations to race, sex, gender or age,” but also is still acknowledges sailing and the compass around the school, Rozan said.

At a February School Committee meeting, Chairperson Whitney Bruce said this issue is important to the board, and they want more input.

“The goal of a mascot is to unite rather than divide them or leave them feeling ambivalent,” Bruce said. “It’d be a missed opportunity to unite and have spirit.”

Oddly enough, the Yachtsmen name came about because of a sports writer’s mistake, according to an old but undated newspaper article provided Bruce provided to The Forecaster. The article said the sportswriter mistook a clipper ship depicted on a Falmouth basketball player’s team jacket for a yacht and called the team the Yachtsmen in a sports story. The name stuck.

According to David Farnham of the Falmouth Historical Society, the name first appeared in newspapers in a Dec. 12, 1948, issue of the Portland Press Herald, in a story titled “Scarborough Faces Tough Test Friday,” and the oldest reference to the name in the school yearbooks was in 1950.
 
Correct me if I'm wrong, but doesn't Ms. Jenner's "anatomical makeover" prevent it from making this statement???

‘I’m in!’: Caitlyn Jenner running for governor of California


The Olympic hero, reality TV personality and longtime Republican joins a growing list of candidates seeking to oust Democratic Gov. Gavin Newsom from office.
 
Correct me if I'm wrong, but doesn't Ms. Jenner's "anatomical makeover" prevent it from making this statement???

‘I’m in!’: Caitlyn Jenner running for governor of California


The Olympic hero, reality TV personality and longtime Republican joins a growing list of candidates seeking to oust Democratic Gov. Gavin Newsom from office.
Well as far as i'm conserned , Mr/Ms Jenner is in the right state !! What a joke.

Although being from Cali. He/She has a good chance of "Getting in". :p
 
Talk about living under a rock...

Out of the cave: French isolation study ends after 40 days​

pressherald.com/2021/04/24/out-of-the-cave-french-isolation-study-ends-after-40-days/

By RENATA BRITOApril 24, 2021
LOMBRIVES CAVE, France — Ever wonder what it would feel like to unplug from a hyperconnected world and hide away in a dark cave for 40 days?

Fifteen people in France did just that, emerging Saturday from a scientific experiment to say that time seemed to pass more slowly in their cavernous underground abode in southwestern France, where they were deprived of clocks and light.

With big smiles on their pale faces, the 15 left their voluntary isolation in the Lombrives cave to a round of applause and basked in the light while wearing special glasses to protect their eyes after so long in the dark.

“It was like pressing pause,” said 33-year-old Marina Lançon, one of the seven female members in the experiment, adding she didn’t feel there was a rush to do anything.

France_Cave_Researchers_20968
Members of the French team that participated in the “Deep Time” study emerge from the Lombrives Cave after 40 days underground in Ussat les Bains, France, Saturday. Renata Brito/Associated Press

Although she wished she could have stayed in the cave a few days longer, she said she was happy to feel the wind blowing on her face again and hear the birds sing in the trees of the French Pyrénées. And she doesn’t plan to open her smartphone for a few more days, hoping to avoid a “too brutal” return to real life.

For 40 days and 40 nights, the group lived in and explored the cave as part of the “Deep Time” project. There was no sunlight inside, the temperature was 50 F and the relative humidity stood at 100 percent. The cave dwellers had no contact with the outside world, no updates on the pandemic nor any communications with friends or family.

Scientists at the Human Adaption Institute leading the $1.5 million “Deep Time” project say the experiment will help them better understand how people adapt to drastic changes in living conditions and environments.

As expected, those in the cave lost their sense of time.

“And here we are! We just left after 40 days … For us it was a real surprise,” said project director Christian Clot, adding for most participants, “in our heads, we had walked into the cave 30 days ago.”

At least one team member estimated the time underground at 23 days.

Johan Francois, 37, a math teacher and sailing instructor, ran 10-kilometer circles in the cave to stay fit. He sometimes had “visceral urges” to leave.

With no daily obligations and no children around, the challenge was “to profit from the present moment without ever thinking about what will happen in one hour, in two hours,” he said.

In partnership with labs in France and Switzerland, scientists monitored the 15 subjects’ sleep patterns, social interactions and behavioral reactions via sensors. One sensor was a tiny thermometer inside a capsule that participants swallowed like a pill. It measured body temperatures and transmitted data to a computer until it was expelled naturally.

The team members followed their biological clocks to know when to wake up, go to sleep and eat. They counted their days not in hours but in sleep cycles.

On Friday, scientists monitoring the participants entered the cave to let the research subjects know they would be coming out soon.

“It’s really interesting to observe how this group synchronizes themselves,” Clot said earlier in a recording from inside the cave. Working together on projects and organizing tasks without being able to set a time to meet was especially challenging, he said.

Although the participants looked visibly tired Saturday, two-thirds expressed a desire to remain underground a bit longer in order to finish group projects started during the expedition, Benoit Mauvieux, a chronobiologist involved in the research, told the Associated Press.

“Our future as humans on this planet will evolve,” Clot said after emerging. “We must learn to better understand how our brains are capable of finding new solutions, whatever the situation.”
 
Talk about living under a rock...

Out of the cave: French isolation study ends after 40 days​

pressherald.com/2021/04/24/out-of-the-cave-french-isolation-study-ends-after-40-days/

By RENATA BRITOApril 24, 2021
LOMBRIVES CAVE, France — Ever wonder what it would feel like to unplug from a hyperconnected world and hide away in a dark cave for 40 days?

Fifteen people in France did just that, emerging Saturday from a scientific experiment to say that time seemed to pass more slowly in their cavernous underground abode in southwestern France, where they were deprived of clocks and light.

With big smiles on their pale faces, the 15 left their voluntary isolation in the Lombrives cave to a round of applause and basked in the light while wearing special glasses to protect their eyes after so long in the dark.

“It was like pressing pause,” said 33-year-old Marina Lançon, one of the seven female members in the experiment, adding she didn’t feel there was a rush to do anything.

France_Cave_Researchers_20968
Members of the French team that participated in the “Deep Time” study emerge from the Lombrives Cave after 40 days underground in Ussat les Bains, France, Saturday. Renata Brito/Associated Press

Although she wished she could have stayed in the cave a few days longer, she said she was happy to feel the wind blowing on her face again and hear the birds sing in the trees of the French Pyrénées. And she doesn’t plan to open her smartphone for a few more days, hoping to avoid a “too brutal” return to real life.

For 40 days and 40 nights, the group lived in and explored the cave as part of the “Deep Time” project. There was no sunlight inside, the temperature was 50 F and the relative humidity stood at 100 percent. The cave dwellers had no contact with the outside world, no updates on the pandemic nor any communications with friends or family.

Scientists at the Human Adaption Institute leading the $1.5 million “Deep Time” project say the experiment will help them better understand how people adapt to drastic changes in living conditions and environments.

As expected, those in the cave lost their sense of time.

“And here we are! We just left after 40 days … For us it was a real surprise,” said project director Christian Clot, adding for most participants, “in our heads, we had walked into the cave 30 days ago.”

At least one team member estimated the time underground at 23 days.

Johan Francois, 37, a math teacher and sailing instructor, ran 10-kilometer circles in the cave to stay fit. He sometimes had “visceral urges” to leave.

With no daily obligations and no children around, the challenge was “to profit from the present moment without ever thinking about what will happen in one hour, in two hours,” he said.

In partnership with labs in France and Switzerland, scientists monitored the 15 subjects’ sleep patterns, social interactions and behavioral reactions via sensors. One sensor was a tiny thermometer inside a capsule that participants swallowed like a pill. It measured body temperatures and transmitted data to a computer until it was expelled naturally.

The team members followed their biological clocks to know when to wake up, go to sleep and eat. They counted their days not in hours but in sleep cycles.

On Friday, scientists monitoring the participants entered the cave to let the research subjects know they would be coming out soon.

“It’s really interesting to observe how this group synchronizes themselves,” Clot said earlier in a recording from inside the cave. Working together on projects and organizing tasks without being able to set a time to meet was especially challenging, he said.

Although the participants looked visibly tired Saturday, two-thirds expressed a desire to remain underground a bit longer in order to finish group projects started during the expedition, Benoit Mauvieux, a chronobiologist involved in the research, told the Associated Press.

“Our future as humans on this planet will evolve,” Clot said after emerging. “We must learn to better understand how our brains are capable of finding new solutions, whatever the situation.”
Follow-up study in nine months?
 

:eek:

A woman in Indonesia was swallowed whole by a python as she checked on her cornfields last week. According to The Washington Post, citing the Jakarta Post, the woman's name was Wa Tiba and lived on Muna Island off the coast of Sulawesi. She left her home Thursday night to visit her cornfield about a half mile from her home.

When Wa didn't return, her sister went out to find her and found Wa's footprints, flashlight, slippers, and machete. On Friday, 100 villagers from Persiapan Lawela searched the area and found a 23 foot-long snake with a very swollen belly. The villagers killed the snake, cut it open, and found Wa inside intact.
 
Interesting, I'm sure this is great news for some, but would not have been good news for me. I'm one of those nerds that do really well on standardized tests. I could probably take a standardized test on Sanskrit cold and get a better than average score.

These standardized tests are BIG business so I'm sure the folks at the College Board (SAT, GRE and AP tests) and their colleagues at ACT are chitting bullets!!!

Amid pandemic, more Maine universities move away from SAT and ACT​

pressherald.com/2021/04/25/amid-pandemic-more-maine-universities-move-away-from-sat-and-act/

By Rachel Ohm April 25, 2021

Throughout high school, Nicholas Miles built what he considered to be an impressive resume. He was the student body president for three years and served as president of the band. He was involved in several clubs and an effort to eliminate his school’s Native American mascot. He had a 3.8 grade point average.
When it came time to take the SAT, though, Miles was disappointed when his score came back lower than he was hoping for. As an aspiring pre-dental student, he worried it would hurt his chances in college admissions. “I don’t think an SAT score did any justice for me, and I think a school should want me for me and what I can bring to them other than just being able to memorize standardized testing,” said Miles, 19.

The University of New England freshman is among the first classes at the school to be admitted under a test-optional policy the university has since extended to become test-blind, meaning tests won’t be considered in admissions even if students want to submit them.

Dropping requirements for the SAT and ACT is a growing trend nationally that has been accelerated by the pandemic. About 1,700 four-year bachelor-degree-granting institutions announced test-optional or test-blind admissions policies for fall 2021, compared to about 1,100 that had such policies in place prior to the pandemic, according to the National Center for Fair and Open Testing, a national testing reform organization. There are about 2,330 accredited four-year schools. About 1,400 have said they won’t require testing for fall 2022 admissions and more could follow.

“The movement was growing before the pandemic, but the pandemic forced schools to look more quickly at their admissions hurdles and take action they might not have taken for several years down the road,” said Bob Schaeffer, executive director of the Arlington, Massachusetts-based center.

Prior to the pandemic some schools were making the decision to move to test-optional policies due to competition as well as concern that testing presents barriers to students who don’t perform well on standardized exams or who lack access to the preparation and fees associated with them.

Several colleges in Maine, including Bowdoin and Bates, which were among the first in the nation to adopt test-optional policies in 1969 and 1984, respectively, have been test-optional for years. “There were already lots of positive examples out there, so when the pandemic shut down testing in many parts of the country, it was relatively easy for schools to say, ‘We’ll just follow those others that have gone test-optional,'” Schaeffer said.


A woman walks across the Biddeford campus of the University of New England on Friday. Gregory Rec/Staff Photographer

At Colby College in Waterville, Vice President of Enrollment and Communications Matt Proto said the college’s move to test-optional in 2018 has played a role in growing applications, which hit a record-high of 15,857 this year. More important, though, Proto said test-optional has encouraged students who might otherwise not have applied to do so.

“We want to attract artists. We want to attract innovators,” said Proto, who also serves as dean of admissions and financial aid. “We want to attract people who really see the world in different ways who may not perform well on tests but can add to that classroom environment because of the way they see the world.”

In the University of Maine System, the flagship Orono campus announced a new test-optional policy in March 2020 in response to the challenges the pandemic posed for students trying to take the SAT or ACT. All seven undergraduate institutions are now test-optional and will stay that way post-pandemic. Applications across the UMaine System are flat this year, with 29,211 received to date.

Husson University in Bangor also adopted a new test-optional policy for the 2021 application cycle.
“We do find sometimes the testing with the SAT and ACT can be a barrier to entry for students, so waiving those did take away that barrier,” said Melissa Rosenberg, director of admissions at Husson. She said that’s especially true for students of lower socioeconomic status, who may not be able to afford to take the test or to take it more than once, or first-generation students who don’t have the same support from parents as they navigate the admissions process.

Next year Husson will be test-optional for its business, communications, legal studies and humanities programs but will resume the requirement for standardized tests in health programs, such as physical therapy, pharmacy and nursing. Those programs are capped and the tests provide one more tool for evaluating applicants. They also serve as a good predictor of how a student might perform on a licensure exam, Rosenberg said.

When UNE decided to pilot a test-blind policy last year, it was only the fourth institution in the country to do so, said Vice President of University Admissions Scott Steinberg. There are now close to 70.

Over the last year Steinberg watched his own daughter, a high school senior, and her friends experience the cancellation of test dates. As they looked at test-optional institutions, they wondered whether they would be penalized for not submitting test scores. “We thought about that at UNE and we decided the clearest, most convincing signal we could send to students and parents and guidance counselors would be to completely take the tests off the table, and that’s what test-blind does,” Steinberg said.

The policy follows an earlier move by UNE two years ago to go test-optional for the fall of 2019 admissions cycle. The university received a record number of applications – around 5,500 – as about 25 percent of applicants chose not to submit test scores. It also admitted one of its largest freshman classes, which included a 25 percent increase in the number of students of color. “That follows the national data, which show test-optional policies often appeal to students of color and that certainly applied in our case,” Steinberg said.

Advocates say standardized tests can help applicants stand out in a crowded field of students who may have similar grades and other qualifications.

The College Board, which administers the SAT, said in a statement that during the pandemic it continued to see demand from students for the exam. The board also offers financial assistance and help with test preparation through a partnership with Khan Academy and by offering test fee waivers.

“When used in context, the SAT helps colleges enroll a more diverse group of students,” the statement said. “In 2020, hundreds of thousands of underrepresented students had SAT scores that would strengthen their college applications. Students should have the choice to distinguish themselves by submitting scores as part of their application.”


Ryan Sears, a sophomore at the University of New England studying history and secondary education, supports the Biddeford school’s test-optional policy, saying “it’s good for students to de-stress about the whole college application process.” Gregory Rec/Staff Photographer

The ACT said testing offers financial advantages as tests often magnify and maximize scholarship possibilities. The data collected by the testing agencies can also be used by universities to inform decisions on recruitment, course placement, retention and graduation. The ACT recently engaged a market research firm to study the impact of COVID-19 on the testing landscape.

“This research confirmed that the pandemic swung the pendulum towards test optional policies,” the ACT said in a statement. “It may never swing all the way back, but it’s clear that schools want students to have a choice in the matter. Therefore, test blind is unlikely to take root.”

At UNE, Steinberg said that while test-blind was originally announced as a pilot, it is likely it will continue beyond 2022. “I think you’re going to see this as a growing trend,” he said.

Ryan Sears, a sophomore at UNE, supports the policy and said it would help alleviate some of the stress and pressure on students during the admissions process.

“I do really like having a school that is test-optional,” Sears said. “I think it’s good for students to destress about the whole college application process but also to focus more on being good at sports, grades, overall activities and jobs, which I think schools should be looking at.”
 
NEVER impart today's values and conventional wisdom on history and other cultures...

What Doomed the Great City of Cahokia? Not Ecological Hubris, Study Says.​

Excavations at the city, famous for its pre-Columbian mounds, challenge the idea that residents destroyed the city through wood clearing.

Cahokia, across the Mississippi from present-day St. Louis, was a city of roughly 20,000 people at its peak in the 1100s, but was largely abandoned by 1350.

Cahokia, across the Mississippi from present-day St. Louis, was a city of roughly 20,000 people at its peak in the 1100s, but was largely abandoned by 1350.Credit...Whitney Curtis for The New York Times

A thousand years ago, a city rose on the banks of the Mississippi River, near what eventually became the city of St. Louis. Sprawling over miles of rich farms, public plazas and earthen mounds, the city — known today as Cahokia — was a thriving hub of immigrants, lavish feasting and religious ceremony. At its peak in the 1100s, Cahokia housed 20,000 people, greater than contemporaneous Paris.

By 1350, Cahokia had largely been abandoned, and why people left the city is one of the greatest mysteries of North American archaeology.

Now, some scientists are arguing that one popular explanation — Cahokia had committed ecocide by destroying its environment, and thus destroyed itself — can be rejected out of hand. Recent excavations at Cahokia led by Caitlin Rankin, an archaeologist at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, show that there is no evidence at the site of human-caused erosion or flooding in the city.

Her team’s research, published in the May/June issue of Geoarcheology suggests that stories of great civilizations seemingly laid low by ecological hubris may say more about our current anxieties and assumptions than the archaeological record.

In the 1990s, interpretations of archaeological research led to the proposal that the Cahokians at the height of their city’s population had cut down many trees in the area. This practice, they said, led to widespread deforestation, erosion and increasingly severe and unpredictable local flooding.

Dr. Rankin and her colleagues set out to discover more about how Cahokia’s environment changed over the course of its development, which they hoped would test whether that hypothesis was true. Excavating in Cahokia’s North Plaza — a neighborhood in the city’s central precinct — they dug at the edge of two separate mounds and along the local creek, using preserved soil layers to reconstruct the landscape of a thousand years ago. This area had the lowest elevation, and they presumed it would have endured the worst of any flooding that had occurred.

Those soil layers showed that while flooding had occurred early in the city’s development, after the construction of the mounds, the surrounding floodplain was largely spared from major flooding until the industrial era.

“We do see some negative consequences of land clearance early on,” Dr. Rankin said, “but people deal with it somehow and keep investing their time and energy into the space.”

Rather than absolutely ruining the landscape, she added, Cahokians seem to have re-engineered it into something more stable.

merlin_24270397_74816e1b-794e-4b58-9f68-1d35f20cafea-articleLarge.jpg

A mural at the Cahokia Mounds Museum and Interpretive Center shows the city during its heyday, circa 1100.Credit...L.K. Townsend/Cahokia Mounds State Historic Site

That finding is in keeping with our knowledge of Cahokian agriculture, says Jane Mt. Pleasant, professor emeritus of agricultural science at Cornell University who was not involved in the study. While Cahokians cleared some land in the uplands, Dr. Mt. Pleasant said, the amount of land used remained stable. While heavy plow techniques quickly exhausted soil and led to the clearing of forests for new farmland, hand tool-wielding Cahokians managed their rich landscape carefully.

Dr. Mt. Pleasant, who is of Tuscarora ancestry, said that for most academics, there is an assumption “that Indigenous peoples did everything wrong.” But she said, “There’s just no indication that Cahokian farmers caused any sort of environmental trauma.”

If anything, says John E. Kelly, an archaeologist at Washington University in St. Louis, the explanation of a Cahokia battered by denuded bluffs and flooding actually reflects how later European settlers used the area’s land. In the 1860s, bluffs upstream from Cahokia were cleared for coal mining, causing enough localized flooding to bury some of the settlement’s sites. European deforestation created a deep overlying layer of eroded sediment, distinct from the soils of the pre-contact floodplain.

“What Caitlin has done in a very straightforward fashion is look at the evidence, and there’s very little evidence to support the western view of what native people are doing,” Dr. Kelly said.

Why, then, did Cahokia disappear? Environmental factors, like drought from the Little Ice Age (1303-1860), may have played a role in the city’s slow abandonment. But changes in the inhabitants’ politics and culture shouldn’t be overlooked, Dr. Mt. Pleasant said. By the 1300s, many of the great mounds of Central Cahokia stood abandoned, and life in the city had seemingly shifted to something more decentralized. Nor did the peoples of Cahokia vanish; some eventually became the Osage Nation.

Outside of natural disasters like the volcanic eruption that destroyed Pompeii, Dr. Rankin notes, the abandonment of a city tends not to happen all at once. It’s more like a natural progression as people slowly ebb out of an urban environment that stops meeting their needs.

“It doesn’t mean that something terrible happened there,” Dr. Rankin said. “It could be that people found other opportunities elsewhere, or decided that some other way of life was better.”

The view of Cahokia as a place riven by self-inflicted natural disasters speaks more to western ideas about humanity’s relationship with nature, Dr. Rankin said, one that typically casts humans as a separate blight on the landscape and a source of endless, rapacious exploitation of resources. But while that narrative resonates in a time of massive deforestation, pollution and climate change, she says it’s a mistake to assume that such practices are universal.

“We’re not really thinking about how we can learn from people who had conservation strategies built into their culture and land use practices,” Dr. Rankin said. “We shouldn’t project our own problems onto the past. Just because this is how we are, doesn’t mean this is how everyone was or is.”
 
Almost 48 hrs late to the ball, MTB had this one Saturday Night...

the "Headline That Caught My Attention or the WTF" thread
 
Finally, an iOS feature that I fully support!!

Apple’s iPhone privacy clampdown arrives after 7-month delay​

pressherald.com/2021/04/26/apples-iphone-privacy-clampdown-arrives-after-7-month-delay/

By MICHAEL LIEDTKEApril 26, 2021

SAN RAMON, Calif. — Apple is following through on its pledge to crack down on Facebook and other snoopy apps that secretly shadow people on their iPhones in order to target more advertising at users.
The new privacy feature, dubbed “App Tracking Transparency,” rolled out Monday as part of an update to the operating system powering the iPhone and iPad. The anti-tracking shield included in iOS 14.5 arrives after a seven-month delay during which Apple and Facebook attacked each other’s business models and motives for decisions that affect billions of people around the world.

“What this feud demonstrates more than anything is that Facebook and Apple have tremendous gatekeeping powers over the market,” said Elizabeth Renieris, founding director of the Technology Ethics Lab at the University of Notre Dame.

But Apple says it is just looking out for the best interests of the more than 1 billion people currently using iPhones.

“Now is a good time to bring this out, both because of because of the increasing amount of data they have on their devices, and their sensitivity (about the privacy risks) is increasing, too,” Erik Neuenschwander, Apple’s chief privacy engineer, told The Associated Press in an interview.

Once the software update is installed – something most iPhone users do – even existing apps already on the device will be required to ask and receive consent to track online activities. That’s a shift Facebook fiercely resisted, most prominently in a series of full-page newspaper ads blasting Apple.

Until now, Facebook and other apps have been able to automatically conduct their surveillance on iPhones unless users took the time and trouble to go into their settings to prevent it – a process that few people bother to navigate.

“This is an important step toward consumers getting the transparency and the controls they have clearly been looking for,” said Daniel Barber, CEO of DataGrail, a firm that helps companies manage personal privacy.

In its attacks on Apple’s anti-tracking controls, Facebook blasted the move as an abuse of power designed to force more apps to charge for their services instead of relying on ads. Apple takes a 15 percent to 30 percent cut on most payments processed through an iPhone app.

Online tracking has long helped Facebook and thousands of other apps accumulate information about their user’s interests and habits so they can show customized ads. Although Facebook executives initially acknowledged Apple’s changes would probably reduce its revenue by billions of dollars annually, the social networking company has framed most of its public criticism as a defense of small businesses that rely on online ads to stay alive.

Apple, in turn, has pilloried Facebook and other apps for prying so deeply into people’s lives that it has created a societal crisis.

In a speech given a few weeks after the Jan. 6 attacks on the U.S. Capitol, Apple CEO Tim Cook pointed out how personal information collected through tracking by Facebook and other social media can sometimes push people toward more misinformation and hate speech as part of the efforts to show more ads.

“What are the consequences of not just tolerating but rewarding content that undermines public trust in life-saving vaccinations?” Cook asked. “What are the consequences of seeing thousands of users join extremist groups and then perpetuating an algorithm that recommends more?”

It’s part of Apple’s attempt to use the privacy issue to its competitive advantage, Barber said, a tactic he now expects more major brands to embrace if the new anti-tracking controls prove popular among most consumers.

In a change of tone, Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg recently suggested that Apple’s new privacy controls could actually help his company in the long run. His rationale: The inability to automatically track iPhone users may prod more companies to sell their products directly on Facebook and affiliated services such as Instagram if they can’t collect enough personal information to effectively target ads within their own apps.

“It’s possible that we may even be in a stronger position if Apple’s changes encourage more businesses to conduct more commerce on our platforms by making it harder for them to use their data in order to find the customers that would want to use their products outside of our platforms,” Zuckerberg said last month during a discussion held on the audio chat app Clubhouse.

In the same interview, Zuckerberg also asserted most people realize that advertising is a “time-tested model” that enables them to get more services for free or at extremely low prices.

“People get for the most part that if they are going to see ads, they want them to be relevant ads,” Zuckerberg said. He didn’t say whether he believes most iPhone users will consent to tracking in exchange for ads tailored to their interests.

Google also depends on personal information to fuel a digital ad network even bigger than Facebook’s, but it has said it would be able to adjust to the iPhone’s new privacy controls. Unlike Facebook, Google has close business ties with Apple. Google pays Apple an estimated $9 billion to $12 billion annually to be the preferred search engine on iPhone and iPad. That arrangement is currently one element of an antitrust case filed last year by the U.S. Justice Department.

Facebook is also defending itself against a federal antitrust lawsuit seeking to break the company apart. Meanwhile, Apple is being scrutinized by lawmakers and regulators around the world for the commissions it collects on purchases made through iPhone apps and its ability to shake up markets through new rules that are turning it into a de facto regulator.

“Even if Apple’s business model and side in this battle is more rights protective and better for consumer privacy, there is still a question of whether we want a large corporation like Apple effectively ‘legislating’ through the app store,” Renieris said.
 
Unfrigging believable...

Epicurious Has a Beef With Beef​

The popular cooking website will not publish new beef recipes over concerns about climate change. “We think of this decision as not anti-beef but rather pro-planet,” an article said.

Could an empire of the kitchen quietly stop cooking with beef and leave no one the wiser?

That appears to be the feat accomplished by Epicurious, the popular online recipe bank where home cooks have gone to hone their skills for a quarter of a century. The editors there revealed to readers this week that not only were they done with new recipes containing beef, but they had been phasing them out for over a year.

“We know that some people might assume that this decision signals some sort of vendetta against cows — or the people who eat them,” Maggie Hoffman, a senior editor, and David Tamarkin, a former digital director, wrote in an article published on Monday. “But this decision was not made because we hate hamburgers (we don’t!).”

The shift was “solely about sustainability, about not giving airtime to one of the world’s worst climate offenders,” they said. “We think of this decision as not anti-beef but rather pro-planet.”

The shift means no new recipes for filet or stroganoff, classic carpaccio or faithful meatloaf on the home page. No brisket, rib-eye, sirloin, flank or any of the other primal cuts on the site’s Instagram feed. Expect to substitute mushrooms into the cheesesteaks, seitan for French dip, tofu for stews and chicken for lo mein. But don’t expect any new twists on chile-braised short ribs. The future of burgers, here at least, looks like turkey, beans, Impossible and Beyond.

Existing beef recipes will remain available, including the succulent Steak Diane on Instagram, a list of 73 ways to make a steak dinner “110 Percent Beefier,” and a “steakburger” on its list of 50 most popular recipes of all time.

But the days of new beef are officially done.

The news was not received well across the wide plains and deep warrens of the internet where people share pictures of their food and judge one another’s diets. Animal lovers said the policy did not go far enough. “If you’re really concerned about animal welfare, you’d stop publishing recipes that include chicken (which imposes far more sentient suffering per pound of meat than beef does),” one Twitter critic observed.

Others argued it would be worse for the climate: “Are you insane?” one person responded. “If you take cattle away from ranches the land will be sold and it will be developed for housing. Not pro-planet at all.”

The North American Meat Institute, a trade association, was comparatively restrained. “The real question should be how excluding America’s favorite food impacts Epicurious,” said Sarah Little, a spokeswoman for the group. “Perhaps the reduced web traffic will save some electricity.”

Still, droves of home cooks praised the shift. “I’ve really been loving the diversity of your recipes over this past year (especially since I’ve been cooking even more at home),” a Facebook user remarked.

The move was also applauded by People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, which called it a “terrific” first step. “To truly combat deforestation, greenhouse-gas emissions, and drought, it needs to take all meat and dairy off the table, too,” it said in a statement.

Noticeably absent from the conversation was any bold, brazen outrage from top chefs and social-media-savvy cooks. Could America, where ranchers took “Beef: It’s What’s for Dinner” to the Supreme Court, really be over its love affair with beef?

“This is a trend toward considering meat an obsolete food,” said Nina Teicholz, the executive director of The Nutrition Coalition and an advocate for diets low in carbohydrates and high in fat. “Epicurious is just one website, but it’s the constant repetition.”

There are more than 300,000 recipes on Epicurious, many with vegetarian substitutions or meat alternatives to beef. Recipes published in place of beef-based dishes have struck a chord with readers, according to the site.

“The traffic and engagement numbers on these stories don’t lie: When given an alternative to beef, American cooks get hungry,” the company said.

Bon Appétit, a sister brand of Epicurious at Condé Nast, did not immediately respond to questions about whether it would or had made similar changes.

Maile Carpenter, the editor in chief of the Food Network Magazine, another prominent cooking outlet, said in a statement that it had not changed its recipe development regarding beef.

“We’re all about balance,” she said, describing a planned summer issue that would feature a burger on the cover with recipes inside for veggie burgers and dishes with shrimp, fish and chicken with vegetable sides. “Our goal is to provide a range of content so readers can make their own choices.”

Epicurious said the decision to publicize its shift was connected to a recent increase in beef consumption although overall beef consumption is lower than it was 30 years ago. “The conversation about sustainable cooking clearly needs to be louder; this policy is our contribution to that conversation,” the brand said.

The announcement also pointed to data from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations that said nearly 15 percent of greenhouse gas emissions globally come from livestock. Cattle is responsible for the most emissions, the organization said, representing about 65 percent of the livestock sector’s emissions.

The average American consumes almost 215 pounds of meat — beef, pork, poultry and lamb — per year, according to 2016 data from the Organization for Economic Cooperation and the Food and Agriculture Organization.

If everyone in the United States reduced consumption of beef, pork and poultry by a quarter and substituted plant proteins, according to a 2019 study, the country would save about 82 million metric tons of greenhouse gas emissions per year, a reduction of a little more than 1 percent.

Studies have also suggested that consuming less meat may have health benefits and that the consumption of red meat and processed meats was linked to heart disease, cancer and other illnesses. However, that guidance may be fading. A 2019 report suggested that the advice is not backed by good scientific evidence, with researchers saying that if there are health benefits from eating less beef and pork, they are small.

Ms. Teicholz said that beef, especially ground beef, was one of the cheapest proteins available, calorically efficient and held nutrients that could not be absorbed from meat replacements.

Epicurious said in its announcement that its “agenda” would remain the same — “to inspire home cooks to be better, smarter and happier in the kitchen” — but that it now believed in cooking with the planet in mind. “If we don’t, we’ll end up with no planet at all,” it said.
 
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